an illusion of space

illusion [ɪˈlu:ʒən]

• to be under an illusion se faire des illusions

• to be under the illusion that... avoir l'illusion que...

• to be under no illusion ne se faire aucune illusion

• I have no illusions about what will happen to him je ne me fais aucune illusion sur le sort qui l'attend

• no one has any illusions about winning the war personne ne se fait d'illusions sur l'issue de la guerre

• an illusion of space une impression d'espace

* * *

noun illusion f

illusion [ɪ'lu:ʒən]

noun

(a) (false impression) illusion f;

∎ mirrors give an illusion of space les miroirs donnent une illusion d'espace

(b) (false belief) illusion f;

∎ to be under an illusion se faire une illusion;

∎ we were living under an illusion nous étions victimes d'une illusion;

∎ she has no illusions about her chances of success elle ne se fait aucune illusion sur ses chances de succès ou de réussir;

∎ I have no illusions or am under no illusion on that score je ne me fais aucune illusion à ce sujet

(c) (magic trick) illusion f

illusion n illusion f ; to have illusions about se faire des illusions sur ; to be ou to labour under the illusion that se faire l'illusion que ; she has no illusions left about the future elle ne se fait plus aucune illusion sur l'avenir ; it's an illusion to think that… c'est s'illusionner que de croire que… ; an illusion of space une illusion d'espace.

* * *

- academic.ru/36838/illusionist">illusionist

* * *

n (misleading appearance) Trugbild nt, Illusion f; (false impression) Täuschung f, Illusion f

to create the \illusion of sth die Illusion [o den [trügerischen] Eindruck] erwecken, dass...

to have [or be under] no \illusions [about sth] sich dat keine Illusionen [über etw akk] machen

to labour under the \illusion that... sich akk der Illusion hingeben, dass..., sich dat einbilden, dass...

* * *

* * *

illusion [ıˈluːʒn] s

1. Illusion f:

a) Sinnestäuschung f: → optical

b) PSYCH Trugwahrnehmung f

c) Trugbild n

d) Wahn m, falsche Vorstellung, Einbildung f, Selbsttäuschung f:

be under an illusion sich täuschen;

be under the illusion that … glauben oder sich einbilden, dass …;

cherish the illusion that … sich der Illusion hingeben, dass …;

give the illusion of sth etwas vortäuschen;

have no illusions sich keine Illusionen machen, sich nichts vormachen ( beide:

about über akk)

2. Blendwerk n

3. (ein) zarter Tüll

* * *

* * *

Illusion -en f.

Trugbild -er n.

Täuschung f.

- illusionist

illusion n ilusión

tr[ɪ'lʊːʒən]

noun

1 ilusión nombre femenino, falsa impresión nombre femenino

■ it's not real, it's just an illusion no es real, no es más que un engaño

\

to be under the illusion that... creer equivocadamente que..., engañarse pensando que...

to have no illusions about something no hacerse ilusiones respecto a algo

illusion [ɪ'lu:ʒən] n

: ilusión f

• burlería s.f.

• espejismo s.m.

• ilusión (algo irreal) s.f.

• prestigio s.m.

a) c u ( false appearance)

b) c ( false idea) ilusión f

[ɪ'luːʒǝn]

1) (=deceptive appearance) ilusión f

2) (=misapprehension) ilusión f

* * *

a) c u ( false appearance)

b) c ( false idea) ilusión f

Delusion non significa “delusione”, ma “illusione” nel senso di una convinzione sbagliata, infondata: She labours under the delusion that she is the Queen, si illude di essere la Regina. Anche illusion significa “illusione”, ma propriamente si riferisce a una percezione sbagliata, basata sui sensi: an optical illusion, un'illusione ottica; lighting that gives the illusion of extra space, illuminazione che dà l'illusione di maggior spazio.

1 illusion, flight of fancy, day dream, dream.

2 illusion, aspiration, fervent hope, yearning.

3 illusion.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 (no real) illusion, illusory hope

2 (esperanza) hope

3 (sueño) dream

4 (emoción) excitement

\

hacerle ilusión algo a alguien to be excited about something, look forward to something

■ me hizo mucha ilusión que me llamaras I was really pleased you phoned

■ me hace mucha ilusión que vengáis I'm really looking forward to your visit

hacerse ilusiones to raise one's hopes, expect too much

ilusión óptica optical illusion

* * *

* * *

1) (=imagen no real) illusion

2) (=esperanza)

3) (=entusiasmo) excitement

* * *

1)

a) ( esperanza) hope

b) (esp Esp) (alegría, satisfacción)

2) ( noción falsa) illusion

•

- ilusión óptica

* * *

= illusion.

Nota: Falso amigo.

Ex. A motion picture is a length of film, with or without recorded sound, bearing a sequence of images that create the illusion of movement when projected in rapid succession.

----

* con ilusión = eagerly.

* crear falsas ilusiones = create + false illusions.

* crear la ilusión = generate + illusion.

* crear una ilusión = create + illusion.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* echar por tierra las ilusiones = shatter + Posesivo + hopes.

* falsa ilusión = delusion.

* hacer mucha ilusión = be thrilled.

* ilusiones = wishful thinking.

* ilusión óptica = optical illusion.

* ilusión vana = wishful thinking.

* lleno de ilusiones = stardust in + Posesivo + eyes.

* perder la ilusión = lose + heart.

* romper las ilusiones = shatter + Posesivo + hopes.

* tener mucha ilusión = be thrilled.

* * *

1)

a) ( esperanza) hope

b) (esp Esp) (alegría, satisfacción)

2) ( noción falsa) illusion

•

- ilusión óptica

* * *

= illusion.

Nota: Falso amigo.

* * *

1 (esperanza) hope

todas mis ilusiones se fueron al traste all my hopes were dashed

tendió la mano con ilusión she held her hand out hopefully

no me hago muchas ilusiones de que me lo vayan a conceder I'm not very hopeful that they'll give it to me

no te hagas muchas ilusiones don't get o build your hopes up

no pierde or aún conserva la ilusión de ganar el premio she still hopes to win the prize, she still has hopes of winning the prize

su mayor ilusión es ver a su hija casada her dearest o fondest wish is to see her daughter married

vive de ilusiones he lives in a dream world

todos empezamos con mucha ilusión we all started with great enthusiasm, we were all very enthusiastic when we started

( esp Esp) (alegría, satisfacción): me hizo mucha ilusión recibir su carta I was thrilled to get your letter

le hace mucha ilusión el viaje he's really looking forward to o he's really excited about the trip

¡qué ilusión! ¡un mes de vacaciones! isn't it great! a month's vacation!

B (noción falsa) illusion

optical illusion

* * *

a) ( esperanza) hope;

◊ no te hagas ilusiones don't build your hopes up;

b) (esp Esp) (alegría, satisfacción):

◊ me hizo mucha ilusión I was thrilled;

* * *

ilusión nf

1. [esperanza] hope;

con ilusión hopefully, optimistically;

la ilusión de su vida es ir al espacio his life's dream is to travel into space;

hacerse o [m5] forjarse ilusiones to build up one's hopes;

no te hagas demasiadas ilusiones don't get your hopes up too much;

no me hago muchas ilusiones de que me vayan a dar la beca I'm not too optimistic about getting the grant

2. [infundada] delusion, illusion;

vive de ilusiones he's completely deluded

3. esp Esp [emoción]

¡qué ilusión! how exciting!;

¡qué ilusión verte otra vez! it's great to see you again!;

me hace mucha ilusión I'm really looking forward to it;

me hace mucha ilusión que vengas I'm really delighted o thrilled that you're coming;

la novia lleva los preparativos de la boda con ilusión the bride is very excited about the preparations for the wedding

4. [espejismo] illusion

* * *

1 ( ficción) illusion

2 ( deseo, esperanza) hope;

hacerse ilusiones get one’s hopes up

3 ( entusiasmo)

me hace mucha ilusión I’m really looking forward to it

* * *

ilusión nf, pl - siones

1) : illusion, delusion

2) esperanza: hope

hacerse ilusiones: to get one's hopes up

* * *

ilusión n

1. (sueño) dream

2. (engaño) illusion

hacerse ilusiones to build up your hopes [pt. & pp. built]

1 impression, idea, feeling, vague idea.

2 impression, printing, print, mark.

3 computer printout, printout.

4 edition, number printed.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 (en imprenta) printing

2 (huella) impression, imprint

3 figurado (efecto) impression; (negativo) shock

■ en una entrevista es importante causar buena impresión in an interview it's important to create a good impression

■ no me ha causado buena impresión el conferenciante I wasn't very impressed with the speaker

■ el día en que lo conocí me llevé muy mala impresión my first impression of him was not very favourable

■ me da la impresión de que no va a volver I get the impression she's not coming back

■ una ducha fría de buena mañana da impresión a cold shower in the morning is a shock to the system

4 (opinión) impression

\

cambiar impresiones to compare notes

de impresión familiar amazing

* * *

1) feeling, impression

2) printing

* * *

1) (=sensación) impression

2) (=susto) shock

3) (=huella) imprint

4) (Tip) (=acción) printing; (=resultado) print; (=tirada) print run

5) (Inform) (=acción) printing; (=resultado) printout

6) (Fot) print

7) (Bio, Psic) imprinting

* * *

1)

a) (idea, sensación) impression

b) ( sensación desagradable)

2)

a) (Impr) ( acción) printing; ( tirada) print run, impression (frml)

b) (Inf) ( acción) printing; ( producto) printout

c) ( huella) imprint

•

- impresión digital

- impresión en color

* * *

1)

a) (idea, sensación) impression

b) ( sensación desagradable)

2)

a) (Impr) ( acción) printing; ( tirada) print run, impression (frml)

b) (Inf) ( acción) printing; ( producto) printout

c) ( huella) imprint

•

- impresión digital

- impresión en color

* * *

impresión¹

¹ = excitement, impression, perception, shock, illusion.

Nota: Falso amigo.

impresión²

² = impression, printing, blowback.

Nota: Específicamente, de documento o imagen que ha sido convertido a formato electrónico.

* * *

1 (idea, sensación) impression

da la impresión de ser demasiado ancho it looks (as if it might be) too wide

nos causó or nos hizo muy buena impresión he made a very good impression on us, we were very impressed with him

me da/tengo la impresión de que me está mintiendo I have a feeling o an idea he's lying to me, I get the impression o feeling he's lying to me

no tuvimos oportunidad de cambiar impresiones we didn't get a chance to compare notes o talk about it

(sensación desagradable): tocar el pescado me da impresión handling fish turns my stomach

ver sangre le daba impresión she couldn't stand the sight of blood

el agua está tan fría que da impresión al entrar the water's so cold, it's a bit of a shock when you first get in

1 ( Impr) (acción) printing; (tirada) print run, impression ( frml)

2 ( Inf) (acción) printing; (producto) printout

3 (de un disco) pressing

4 (huella) imprint

la impresión de un pie en la arena a footprint in the sand

fingerprint

four-color* printing

multicolor* printing

* * *

a) (idea, sensación) impression;

◊ da la impresión de ser demasiado ancho it looks too wide;

b) ( sensación desagradable):

◊ el accidente me produjo mucha impresión the accident really shocked me

* * *

impresión nf

1. [efecto] impression;

causar (una) buena/mala impresión to make a good/bad impression;

dar la impresión de to give the impression of;

me dio la impresión de que estaban enfadados I got the impression they were annoyed;

le dio mucha impresión ver el cadáver seeing the body was a real shock to him;

me causó mucha impresión esa película that film had a great effect on me

2. [opinión]

tener la impresión de que to have the impression that;

cambiar impresiones to compare notes, to exchange views

3. Esp Fam

me di un susto de impresión I got a hell of a fright;

tiene una casa de impresión he has an incredible o amazing house

4. [huella] imprint

impresión digital fingerprint

5. Imprenta [acción] printing;

una impresión de lujo a de-luxe edition;

impresión en color colour printing;

impresión a una/dos caras one-/two-sided printing

* * *

1 impression;

causar impresión make an impression;

causar buena impresión make a good impression

la sangre le da impresión he can’t stand the sight of blood

3 acto printing;

impresión en color color printing, Br colour printing

4 ( tirada) print run

* * *

impresión nf, pl - siones

1) : print, printing

2) : impression, feeling

* * *

impresión n

1. (efecto) impression

2. (alteración) shock

3. (sensación) feeling

निर् ind. A substitute for निस् before vowels and soft consonants conveying the senses of 'out of', 'away from'. 'without', 'free from', and be frequently expressed by 'less', 'un', used with the noun; see the compounds given below; see निस् and cf. अ also.

-Comp. -अंश a.

1 whole, entire.

-2 not entitled to any share of the ancestral property.

-अक्षः the place of no latitute; i. e. the terrestrial equator (in astronomy). ˚देशः

1 a first meridian, as Laṅkā.

-2 a place where the sun is always vertical and the days and nights are equal.

-3 the equatorial region.

-अक्षर a. Not knowing the letters, illiterate.

-अग्नि a. having lost or neg- lected the consecrated fire; स संन्यासी च योगी च न निरग्निर्न चाक्रियः Bg.6.1.

-अग्र (क) a. divisible without remain- der.

-अङ्कुश a. 'not curbed by a hook', unchecked, uncontrolled; unruly, independent, completely free, unfettered; निरङ्कुश इव द्विपः Bhāg.; कामो निकामनिरङ्कुशः Gīt.7; निरङ्कुशाः कवयः Sk.; Bh.3.15; Mv.3.39; विनयरुचयः सदैव निरङ्कुशाः Mu.3.6. ˚ता self-will, indepen- dence.

-अघ a. sinless, blameless.

-अङ्ग a.

1 having no parts.

-2 deprived of expedients or resources.

-अजिन a. skinless.

-अञ्जन a.

1 without collyrium; निरञ्जने साचिविलोलिकं दृशौ Ki.8.52.

-2 unstained, untinged.

-3 free from falsehood; तदा विद्वान् पुण्यपापे विधूय निरञ्जनं परमं साम्यमुपैति Munda 3.1.3.

-4 simple, artless.

(-नः) 1 an epithet of Śiva.

-2 N. of the Supreme Being.

(-ना) 1 the day of full moon.

-2 an epithet of Durgā.

-अतिशय a. unsurpassed, matchless, un- rivalled; निरतिशयं गरिमाणं तेन जनन्याः स्मरन्ति विद्वांसः Pt.1.3. (

-यः) the Supreme Being.

-अत्यय a.

1 free from danger, secure, safe; तद्भवान् वृत्तसंपन्नः स्थितः पथि निरत्यये Rām.4.29.12; R.17.53.

-2 free from fault, unblamable, faultless, disinterested; Ki.1.12, शक्तिरर्थपतिषु स्वयंग्रहं प्रेम कारयति वा निरत्ययम् 13.61.

-3 com- pletely successful.

-अधिष्ठान a.

1 supportless.

-2 in- dependent.

-अध्व a. one who has lost one's way.

-अनुक्रोश a. pitiless, merciless, hard-hearted. (

-शः) mercilessness, hard-heartedness.

-अनुग a. having no followers.

-अनुग्रह a. Ungracious, unkind; Bhāg.5. 12.7.

-अनुनासिक a. not nasal.

-अनुमान a. not bound to conclusions or consequences.

-अनुयोज्य a. unblamable, faultless.

-अनुरोध a.

1 unfavourable, unfriendly.

-2 unkind, unamiable; Māl.1.

-अन्तर a.

-1 constant, perpetual, uninterrupted, incessant; निरन्त- राधिपटलैः Bv.1.16; निरन्तरास्वन्तरवातवृष्टिषु Ku.5.25.

-2 having no intervening or intermediate space, having no interval, close, closely contiguous, in close contact; मूढे निरन्तरपयोधरया मयैव Mk.5.15; हृदयं निरन्तरबृहत्कठिनस्तन- मण्डलावरणमप्यभिदन् Śi.9.66.

-3 compact, dense; परितो रुद्धनिरन्तराम्बराः Śi.16.76.

-4 coarse, gross.

-5 faithful, true (as a friend).

-6 not hidden from view.

-7 not different, similar, identical.

-8 sincere, sympathetic; सुहृदि निरन्तरचित्ते (निवेद्य दुःखं सुखीभवति) Pt.1.341.

-9 abounding in, full of; निपात्यमानैर्ददृशे निरन्तरम् Rām.7.7. 54; गुणैश्च निरन्तराणि Mv.4.12. (

-रम्) ind.

1 without interruption, constantly, continually, incessantly.

-2 without intervening space or interval.

-3 closely, tightly, firmly; (परिष्वजस्व) कान्तैरिदं मम निरन्तरमङ्गमङ्गैः Ve.3.27; परिष्वजेते शयने निरन्तरम् Ṛs.2.11.

-4 immedia- tely. ˚अभ्यासः constant study, diligent exercise or pra- ctice.

-अन्तराल a.

1 without an intervening space, close.

-2 narrow.

-अन्धस् a. foodless, hungry.

-अन्वय a.

1 having no progeny, childless.

-2 unconnected, unrelated; Ms.8.198.

-3 not agreeing with the con- text (as a word in a sentence).

-4 without logical connection or regular sequence, unmethodical.

-5 without being seen, out of sight; निरन्वयं भवेत् स्तेयम् Ms.8. 332.

-6 without retinue, unaccompanied, see अन्वय.

-7 sudden, unexpected; U.7.

-8 exterminatory, without leaving any species or trace; प्रागाधारनिरन्वयप्रमथनादुच्छेदमे- वाकरोः... Mv.3.13; (com. नाशो द्विविधः--स्वान्वयविनाशः, निरन्वयविनाशश्चेति......निर्वापणादिना सजातीयज्वालोदयानर्हविनाशस्तु निरन्वयविनाशः ।).

-अपत्रप a.

1 shameless, impudent.

-2 bold.

-अपराध a. guiltless, innocent, faultless, blame- less. (

-धः) innocence.

-अपवर्त a.

1 not turning back.

-2 (in arith.) leaving no common divisor, reduced to the lowest terms.

-अपवाद a.

1 blameless.

-2 not admitting of any exception.

-अपाय a.

1 free from harm or evil.

-2 free from decay, imperishable.

-3 infallible; उपायो निरपायो$यमस्माभिरभिचिन्तितः Rām.1.1.2.

-अपेक्ष a.

1 not depending on, irrespective or independent of, having no need of (with loc.); न्यायनिर्णीतसारत्वा- न्निरपेक्षमिवागमे Ki.11.39.

-2 disregarding, taking no notice of.

-3 free from desire, secure; निरपेक्षो न कर्तव्यो भृत्यैः स्वामी कदाचन H.2.82.

-4 careless, negligent, indifferent

-5 indifferent to worldly attachments or pursuits; समुपोढेषु कामेषु निरपेक्षः परिव्रजेत् Ms.6.41.

-6 disinterested, not expecting any reward from another; दिशि दिशि निरपेक्ष- स्तावकीनं विवृण्वन् Bv.1.5.

-7 without purpose. (

-क्षा) indifference, disregard.

-अपेक्षित a.

1 disregarded.

-2 regardless.

-अपेक्षिन् a. disregarding, indifferent.

-अभिभव a.

1 not subject to humiliation or disgrace.

-2 not to be surpassed, unrivalled.

-अभिमान a.

1 free from self-conceit, devoid of pride or egotism.

-2 void of self-respect.

-3 unconscious.

-अभिलाष a. not caring for, indifferent to; स्वसुखनिरभिलाषः खिद्यसे लोकहेतोः Ś.5.7.

-अभिसंधानम् absence of design.

-अभ्र a. cloudless.

-अमर्ष a.

1 void of anger, patient.

-2 apa- thetic.

-अम्बर a. naked.

-अम्बु a.

1 abstaining from water.

-2 waterless, destitute of water.

-अर्गल a. without a bolt, unbarred, unobstructed, unrestrained, unimpeded, completely free; M.5; मरणसमये त्यक्त्वा शङ्कां प्रलापनिरर्गलम् Māl.5.26. (

-लम्) ind. freely.

-अर्थ a.

1 void of wealth, poor, indigent; स्त्रियः कृतार्थाः पुरुषं निरर्थं निष्पीडितालक्तकवत्त्यजन्ति Pt.1.194.

-2 meaningless, un- meaning (as a word or sentence).

-3 non-sensical.

-4 vain, useless, purposeless.

(-र्थः) 1 loss, detriment.

-2 nonsense.

-अर्थक a.

1 useless, vain, unprofitable.

-2 unmeaning, nonsensical, conveying no reasonable meaning; इत्थं जन्म निरर्थकं क्षितितले$रण्ये यथा मालती S. D.

-3 (a consonant) not followed by a vowel. (

-कम्) an expletive; निरर्थकं तु हीत्यादि पूरणैकप्रयोजनम् Chandr.2.6.

-अलंकृतिः (in Rhet.) want of ornament, simplicity.

-अवकाश a.

1 without free space.

-2 without leisure.

-अवग्रह a.

1 'free from restraint', unrestrained, un- checked, uncontrolled, irresistible.

-2 free, indepen- dent.

-3 self-willed, head-strong. (

-हम्) ind.

1 un- interruptedly.

-2 intensely, strongly.

-अवद्य a.

1 blameless, faultless, unblameable, unobjectionable; हृद्य- निरवद्यरूपो भूपो बभूव Dk.1.

-2 an epithet of the Supreme Being (having no passions).

-अवधि a. having no end, unlimited; कथं तूष्णीं सह्यो निरवधिरयं त्वप्रतिविधः U. 3.44;6.3; Māl.1.6.

-2 continuous; महानाधिव्याधि- र्निरवधिरिदानीं प्रसरतु Māl.4.3.

- अवयव a.

1 without parts.

-2 indivisible.

-3 without limbs.

-अवलम्ब a.

1 unsupported, without support; Ś.6.

-2 not affording support.

-3 not depending or relying on.

-अवशेष a. whole, complete, entire, (निरवशेषेण ind. completely, entirely, fully, totally).

-अवसाद a. cheerful; Gīt.

-अव्यय a. eternal, immutable.

- अशन a. abstaining from food. (

-नम्) fasting.

-अश्रि a. even; Kau. A.2.11.

-अष्ट a. Ved. driven away, scattered. (

-ष्टः) a horse twentyfour years old.

-अस्त्र a. weaponless, unarmed.

-अस्थि a. boneless.

-अहंकार, -अहंकृति a. free from egotism or pride, humble, lowly; Bg.12.13.

-अहंकृत a.

1 having no egotism or self-consciousness.

-2 without individuality.

-3 unselfish.

-अहम् a. free from egotism or self-conceit; ह्यनामरूपं निरहं प्रपद्ये Bhāg. 5.19.4.

-आकाङ्क्ष a.

1 wishing nothing, free from desire.

-2 wanting nothing to fill up or complete (as the sense of a word or sentence).

-आकार a.

1 devoid of form, formless, without form.

-2 ugly, deformed.

-3 disguised.

-4 unassuming, modest.

(-रः) 1 the universal spirit, Almighty.

-2 an epithet of Śiva.

-3 of Viṣṇu. ˚ज्ञानवादः the doctrine that the perception of the outer world does not arise from images impres- sed on the mind; Sarva. S.

-आकृति a.

1 formless, shapeless.

-2 deformed.

(-तिः) 1 a religious student who has not duly gone through a course of study, or who has not properly read the Vedas.

-2 especially, a Brāhmaṇa who has neglected the duties of his caste by not going through a regular course of study; a fool; ग्रामधान्यं यथा शून्यं यथा कूपश्च निर्जलः । यथा हुतमनग्नौ च तथैव स्यान्निराकृतौ ॥ Mb.12.36.48.

-3 one who neglects the five great religious duties or yajñas; Ms.3.154.

-आकाश a. leaving no free space, completely filled or occupied,

-आकुल a.

1 unconfused, unperplexed, un- bewildered; Ki.11.38.

-2 steady, calm; सुपात्रनिक्षेपनिरा- कुलात्मना (प्रजासृजा) Śi.1.28.

-3 clear.

-4 perspicuous; अलिकुलसङ्कुलकुसुमसमूहनिराकुलबकुलकलापे Gīt.1.

(-लम्) 1 calmness serenity.

-2 perspicuity, clearness.

-आक्रन्द a. not crying or complaining. (

-दः) a place where no sound can be heard.

-आक्रोश a. unaccused, unreviled.

- आगम a. not founded on revelation or scripture, not derived from the Vedas.

-आगस् a. faultless, innocent, sinless; कथमेकपदे निरागसं जनमाभाष्यमिमं न मन्यसे R.8.48.

-आचार a. without approved customs or usages, lawless, barbarian.

-आडम्बर a.

1 without drums.

-2 without show, unostentatious.

-आतङ्क a.

1 free from fear; R.1.63; निरातङ्को रङ्को विहरति चिरं कोटिकनकैः Śaṅkara (देव्यपराधक्षमापनस्तोत्रम् 6).

-2 without ailment, comfort- able, healthy.

-3 not causing pain.

-4 unchecked, unhampered; निरातङ्कः पङ्केष्विव पिशितपिण्डेषु विलसन् Māl. 5.34. (

-कः) an epithet of Śiva.

- आतप a. sheltered from heat, shady, not penetrated by the sun's rays. (

-पा) the night.

- आदर a. disrespectful.

-आदान a.

1 taking or receiving nothing; Mb.3.

-2 an epithet of Buddha.

-आधार a.

1 without a receptacle.

-2 without support, supportless (fig. also); निराधारो हा रोदिमि कथय केषामिह पुरः G. L.4.39.

-आधि a. secure, free from anxiety.

-आनन्द a. cheerless, sad, sorrowful.

-आन्त्र a.

1 disembowelled.

-2 having the entrails hanging out.

-आपद् a. free from misfortune or calamity. (-f.) prosperity.

-आबाध a.

1 unvexed, unmolested, undis- turbed, free from disturbance.

-2 unobstructed.

-3 not molesting or disturbing.

-4 (in law) frivolously vexatious (as a suit or cause of complaint); e. g. अस्मद्- गृहप्रदीपप्रकाशेनायं स्वगृहे व्यवहरति Mitā.

- आमय a.

1 free from disease or illness, sound, healthy, hale.

-2 untainted, pure.

-3 guileless.

-4 free from defects or blemishes.

-5 full, complete.

-6 infallible.

-7 not liable to failure or miscarriage. (

-यः, यम्) freedom from disease or illness, health, well-being, welfare, happiness; कुरूणां पाण्डवानां च प्रतिपत्स्व निरामयम् Mb.5.78.8.

(-यः) 1 a wild goat.

-2 a hog or boar.

-आमिष a.

1 fleshless; निरुपमरसप्रीत्या खादन्नरास्थि निरामिषम् Bh.

-2 having no sensual desires or covetousness; Ms.6.49.

-3 receiving no wages or remuneration.

-आय a. yielding no income or revenue, profitless.

-यः an idler living from hand to mouth.

- आयत a.

1 full-stretched or extended; निरायतपूर्वकायाः Ś.1.8.

-2 contracted, compact.

-आय- -तत्वम् shortness, compactness; निरायतत्वादुदरेण ताम्यता Ki.8.17.

-आयति a. one whose end is at hand; नियता लघुता निरायतेः Ki.2.14.

-आयास a. not fatiguing, easy.

-आयुध a. unarmed, weaponless.

-आरम्भ a. abstaining from all work (in good sense); Mb.3.82.11.

-आलम्ब a.

1 having no prop or support (fig. also); ऊर्ध्वबाहुं निरालम्बं तं राजा प्रत्यभाषत Rām.7.89.1; निरालम्बो लोकः कुलमयशसा नः परिवृतम् Mv.4.53.

-2 not depending on another, independent.

-3 self-supported, friendless, alone; निरालम्बो लम्बोदरजननि कं यामि शरणम् Jag. (

-म्बा) spikenard. (

-म्बम्) Brahman.

-आलोक a.

1 not looking about or seeing.

-2 deprived of sight.

-3 deprived of light, dark; निरालोकं लोकम् Māl.5.3; Bhāg.8.24.35.

-5 invisible. (

-कः) an epithet of Śiva.

-आवर्ण a. manifest, evident.

-आश a.

1 devoid of hope, despairing or despondent of; मनो बभूवेन्दुमतीनिराशम् R.6.2.

-2 depriving (one) of all hope.

-आशक, -आशिन् a. hopeless; अद्य दुर्योधनो राज्याज्जीविताच्च निराशकः (भविष्यति) Mb.8.74.13.

-आशङ्क a. fearless.

-आशा hopeless- ness, despair.

-आशिस् a.

1 without a boon or blessing, without virtues; आश्रमा विहिताः सर्वे वर्जयित्वा निराशिषम् Mb.12.63.13.

-2 without any desire, wish or hope, indifferent; निराशीर्यतचित्तात्मा Bg.4.21; जगच्छ- रण्यस्य निराशिषः सतः Ku.5.76.

-आश्रय a.

1 without a prop or support, supportless, unsupported; न तिष्ठति निराश्रयं लिङ्गम् Sāṅ. K.41.

-2 friendless, destitute, alone, without shelter or refuge; निराश्रयाधुना वत्सलता.

-3 not deep (as a wound).

-आस्वाद a. tasteless, insipid, un- savoury.

-आहार a. 'foodless', fasting, abstaining from food. (

-रः) fasting; कालो$ग्निः कर्म मृद् वायुर्मनो ज्ञानं तपो जलम् । पश्चात्तापो निराहारः सर्वे$मी शुद्धिहेतवः ॥ Y.3.31.

-इङ्ग a. immovable, stationary; यथा दीपो निवातस्थो निरिङ्गो ज्वलते पुनः Mb.12.46.6.

-इच्छ a. without wish or desire, indifferent.

-इन्द्रिय a.

1 having lost a limb or the use of it.

-2 mutilated, maimed.

-3 weak, infirm, frail; Kaṭh.1.1.3.

-4 barren.

-5 without प्रमाण or means of certain knowledge; निरिन्द्रिया ह्यमन्त्राश्च स्त्रियो$नृत- मिति स्थितिः Ms.9.18.

-6 destitute of manly vigour, impotent (Ved.).

-इन्धन a. destitute of fuel.

-ईति a. free from the calamities of the season; निरातङ्का निरीतयः R.1.63; see ईति.

-ईश्वर a. godless, atheistic. -˚वाद atheistic doctrine.

-ईषम् the body of a plough.

-ईह a.

1 desireless, indifferent; निरीहाणामीशस्तृणमिव तिरस्कारविषयः Mu.3.16.

-2 inactive; निरीहस्य हतद्विषः R.1.24.

(-हा), -निरीहता, -त्वम् 1 inactivity.

-2 indifference.

-उच्छ्वास a.

1 breathless, without breathing; निरुच्छ्वासं हरिं चक्रुः Rām.7.7.6.

-2 narrow, contracted; उपेयुषो वर्त्म निरन्तराभिरसौ निरुच्छ्वासमनीकिनीभिः Śi.3.32.

-3 dead; निरुच्छ्वासाः पुनः केचित् पतिता जगतीतले Rām.6.58.13. (

-सः) absence of breath; लोका निरुच्छ्वासनिपीडिता भृशम् Bhāg.4. 8.8.

-उत्तर a.

1 answerless, without a reply.

-2 un- able to answer, silenced.

-3 having no superior.

-उत्थ a. irrecoverable.

-उद्धति a. not jolting (a chariot); अभूतल- स्पर्शतया निरुद्धतिः Ś.7.1. (v. l.)

-उत्सव a. without festivi- ties; विरतं गेयमृतुर्निरुत्सवः R.8.66.

-उत्साह a.

1 inactive, indolent.

-2 devoid of energy.

(-हः) 1 absence of energy.

-2 indolence.

-उत्सुक a.

1 indifferent.

-2 calm, tranquil.

- उदक a. waterless.

- उदर a.

1 having no belly or trunk.

-2 thin (अतुन्दिल); श्रीमान्निरुदरो महान् Rām.3.16.31.

-उद्यम, -उद्योग a. effortless, inactive, lazy, idle.

उद्विग्न, -उद्वेग a. free from excitement or perturbation, sedate, calm.

-उपक्रम a.

1 without a commencement.

-2 incurable.

-उपद्रव a.

1 free from calamity or affliction, not visited by danger or adver- sity, lucky, happy, undisturbed, unmolested, free from hostile attacks.

-2 free from national distress or tyranny.

-3 causing no affliction.

-4 auspicious (as a star).

-5 secure, peaceful.

-उपधि a. guileless, honest; U.2.2. ˚जीवन a. leading an honest life. (v. l.).

-उपपत्ति a. unsuitable.

- उपपद a.

1 without any title or designation; अरे आर्यचारुदत्तं निरुपपदेन नाम्नालपसि Mk.1.18/19.

-2 unconnected with a subordinate word.

-उपप्लव a.

1 free from disturbance, obstacle or calamity, unharmed; निरुपप्लवानि नः कर्माणि संवृत्तानि Ś3.

-2 not causing any affliction or misery.

-3 an epithet of Śiva.

-उपभोग a. without enjoyment; संसरति निरुपभोगं भावैरधिवासितं लिङ्गम् Sāṅ. K.4.

- उपम a. peerless, matchless, incomparable.

-उपसर्ग free from portents.

-उपस्कृत a. not corrupted, pure; of self-denying temperament; शमेन तपसा चैव भक्त्या च निरुपस्कृतः । शुद्धात्मा ब्राह्मणो रात्रौ निदर्शनमपश्यत ॥ Mb.12.271.14.

- उपहत a.

1 not injured, unhurt.

-2 auspicious, lucky.

-उपाख्य a.

1 unreal, false, non-existent (as वन्ध्यापुत्र).

-2 immaterial.

-3 invisible. (

-ख्यम्) the supreme Brahman.

-उपाधि (क) a. without qualities, absolute.

-उपाय a.

1 without expedients, helpless.

-2 unsuc- cessful.

-उपेक्ष a.

1 free from trick or fraud.

-2 not neglectful.

-उष्मन् a. devoid of heat, cold.

-गन्ध a. void of smell, scentless, unfragrant, inodorous; निर्गन्धा इव किंशुकाः. ˚पुष्पी f. the Śālmali tree.

-गर्व a. free from pride.

-गवाक्ष a. windowless.

-गुण a.

1 stringless (as a bow).

-2 devoid of all properties.

-3 devoid of good qualities, bad, worthless; निर्गुणः शोभते नैव विपुलाड- म्बरो$पि ना Bv.1.115.

-4 without attributes; साकारं च निराकारं सगुणं निर्गुणं विभुम् Brahmavai. P.

-5 having no epithet. (

-णः) the Supreme Spirit. ˚आत्मक a. having no qualities.

-गृहः a. houseless, homeless; सुगृही निर्गृही- कृता Pt.39.

-गौरव a.

1 without dignity, undignified.

-2 devoid of respect.

-ग्रन्थ a.

1 freed from all ties or hindrances; आत्मारामाश्च मुनयो निर्ग्रन्था अप्युरुक्रमे । कुर्वन्त्यहैतुकीं भक्तिम् Bhāg.1.7.1.

-2 poor, possessionless, beggarly.

-3 alone, unassisted.

(-न्थः) 1 an idiot, a fool.

-2 a gambler.

-3 a saint or devotee who has renounced all worldly attachments and wanders about naked and lives as a hermit.

-4 A Buddha Muni.

-ग्रन्थक a.

1 clever, expert.

-2 unaccompanied, alone.

-3 deserted, abandoned.

-4 fruitless. (

-कः 1 a religious mendicant.

-2 a naked devotee.

-3 a gam- bler.

-ग्रन्थिक a. clever. (

-कः) a naked mendicant, a Jaina mendicant of the Digambara class.

-घटम् 1 a free market.

-2 a crowded market.

-घण्टः See निघण्टः.

-घृण a.

1 cruel, merciless, pitiless.

-2 shame- less, immodest.

-घृणा cruelty.

-घोष a. noiseless, still, calm.

-जन a.

1 tenantless, uninhabited, unfrequented, lonely, desolate.

-2 without any retinue or attendants; भूयश्चैवाभिरक्षन्तु निर्धनान्निर्जना इव Mb.12.151.7. (

-नम्) a desert, solitude, lonely place.

-जन्तु a. free from living germs; H. Yoga.

-जर a.

1 young, fresh.

-2 imperishable, immortal. (

-रः) a deity, god; (nom. pl. निर्जराः -निर्जरसः) (

-रम्) ambrosia, nectar.

-जरायु a. Ved. skinless.

-जल a.

1 waterless, desert, destitute of water.

-2 not mixed with water. (

-लः) a waste, desert. ˚एकादशी N. of the eleventh day in the bright half of Jyeṣṭha.

-जाड्य free from coldness.

-जिह्वः a frog.

-जीव a.

1 lifeless.

-2 dead; चिता दहति निर्जीवं चिन्ता दहति जीवितम्.

-ज्ञाति a. having no kinsmen, alone.

-ज्वर a. feverless, healthy.

-दण्डः a Śūdra.

-दय a.

1 merci- less, cruel, pitiless, unmerciful, unkind.

-2 passion- ate.

-3 very close, firm or fast, strong, excessive, violent; मुग्धे विधेहि मयि निर्दयदन्तदंशम् Gīt.1; निर्दयरति- श्रमालसाः R.19.32; निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः Me.18.

-4 unpitied by any; निर्दया निर्नमस्कारास्तन्मनोरनुशासनम् Ms.9.239.

-दयम् ind.

1 unmercifully, cruelly.

-2 violently, excessively; न प्रहर्तुमलमस्मि निर्दयम् R.11.84.

-दश a. more than ten days old; यदा पशुर्निर्दशः स्यादथ मेध्यो भवे- दिति Bhāg.9.7.11.

- दशन a. toothless.

-दाक्षिण्य a. uncourteous.

-दुःख a.

1 free from pain, painless.

-2 not causing pain.

-दैन्य a. happy, comfortable.

-दोष a.

1 faultless, defectless; न निर्दोषं न निर्गुणम्

-2 guiltless, innocent.

-द्रव्य a.

1 immaterial.

-2 without property, poor.

-द्रोह a. not hostile, friendly, well-disposed, not malicious.

-द्वन्द्व a.

1 indifferent in regard to opposite pairs of feelings (pleasure or pain), neither glad nor sorry; निर्द्वन्द्वो निर्ममो भूत्वा चरिष्यामि मृगैः सह Mb.1.85.16; निर्द्वन्द्वो नित्यसत्त्वस्थो निर्योगक्षेम आत्मवान् Bg.2.45.

-2 not dependent upon another, independent.

-3 free from jealousy or envy.

-4 not double.

-5 not contested, un- disputed.

-6 not acknowledging two principles.

-धन a. without property, poor, indigent; शशिनस्तुल्यवंशो$पि निर्धनः परिभूयते Chāṇ.82. (

-नः) an old ox. ˚ता, ˚त्वम् poverty, indigence.

-धर्म a. unrighteous, impious, unholy.

-धूम a. smokeless.

-धौत a. cleansed, rendered clean; निर्धौत- दानामलगण्डभित्तिर्वन्यः सरित्तो गज उन्ममज्ज R.5.43.

-नमस्कार a.

1 not courteous or civil, not respecting any one.

-2 disrespected, despised.

-नर a. abandoned by men, deserted.

-नाणक a. coinless, penniless; Mk.2.

-नाथ a. without a guardian or master. ˚ता

1 want of protection.

-2 widowhood.

-3 orphanage.

-नाभि a. going or reaching beyond the navel; निर्नाभि कौशेयमुपात्तबाणम् Ku.7.7.

-नायक a. having no leader or ruler, anarchic.

-नाशन, -नाशिन् a. expelling, banishing.

-निद्र a. sleepless, wakeful.

-निमित्त a.

1 causeless.

-2 disinterested.

-निमेष a. not twinkling.

-बन्धु a. without kindred or relation, friendless.

-बल n. powerless, weak, feeble.

-बाध a.

1 unobstructed.

-2 unfrequented, lonely, solitary.

-3 unmolested.

(-धः) 1 a part of the marrow.

-2 a knob.

-बीज a. seedless, impotent. (

-जा) a sort of grape (Mar. बेदाणा).

-बुद्धि a. stupid, ignorant, foolish.

-बुष, -बुस a. unhusked, freed from chaff.

-भक्त a. taken without eating (as a medicine).

-भय a.

1 fearless, undaunted.

-2 free from danger, safe, secure; निर्भयं तु भवेद्यस्य राष्ट्रं बाहुबलाश्रितम् Ms.9.255.

-भर a.

1 excessive, vehement, violent, much, strong; त्रपाभरनिर्भर- स्मरशर &c. Gīt.12; तन्व्यास्तिष्ठतु निर्भरप्रणयिता मानो$पि रम्यो- दयः Amaru.47.

-2 ardent.

-3 fast, close (as embrace); कुचकुम्भनिर्भरपरीरम्भामृतं वाञ्छति Gīt.; परिरभ्य निर्भरम् Gīt.1.

-4 sound, deep (as sleep).

-5 full of, filled with (at the end of comp.); आनन्द˚, गर्व˚ &c. (

-रः) a servant receiving no wages. (

-रम्) excess. (

-रम् ind.)

1 ex- cessively, exceedingly, intensely.

-2 soundly.

-भाग्य a. unfortunate, unlucky.

-भाज्य a. to be separated; स निर्भाज्यः स्वकादंशात् किंचिद्दत्वोपजीवनम् Ms.9.27.

-भृतिः a. without wages, hireless.

-भोगः a. not fond of plea- sures.

-मक्षिक a. 'free from flies', undisturbed, private, lonely. (

-कम्) ind. without flies, i. e. lonely, private; कृतं भवतेदानीं निर्मक्षिकम् Ś.2,6.

-मज्ज a. fatless, meagre.

-मत्सर a. free from envy, unenvious; निर्मत्सरे मत्समे वत्स... वसुन्धराभारमारोप्य Rāmāyaṇachampū.

-मत्स्य a. fishless.

-मद a.

1 not intoxicated, sober, quiet.

-2 not proud, humble.

-3 sad, sorry.

-4 not in rut (as an elephant).

-मनुज, -मनुष्य a. tenantless, uninhabited, deserted by men.

-मन्तु a. faultless, innocent.

-मन्त्र a.

1 a ceremony, unaccompanied by holy texts.

-2 not familiar with holy texts; Mb.12.36.43.

-मन्यु, -मन्युक a. free from anger; Mb.5.133.4.

-मम a.

1 free from all connections with the outer world, who has renounced all worldly ties; संसारमिव निर्ममः (ततार) R.12.6; Bg.2.71; निराशीर्निर्ममो भूत्वा युध्यस्व विगतज्वरः 3.3.

-2 unselfish, disinterested.

-3 indifferent to (with loc.); निर्ममे निर्ममो$र्थेषु मथुरां मधुराकृतिः R.15.28; प्राप्तेष्वर्थेषु निर्ममाः Mb.

-4 an epithet of Śiva.

-मर्याद a.

1 boundless, immeasurable.

-2 transgressing the limits of right or propriety, unrestrained, unruly, sinful, criminal; मनुजपशुभिर्निर्मर्यादैर्भवद्भिरुदायुधैः Ve.3.22.

-3 confused.

-4 insolent, immodest. (

-दम्) ind. confusedly, topsy- turvy. (

-दम्) confusion, disorder.

-मल a.

1 free from dirt or impurities, clear, pure, stainless, unsullied (fig. also); नीरान्निर्मलतो जनिः Bv.1.63.

-2 resplendent, bright; Bh.1.56.

-3 sinless, virtuous; निर्मलाः स्वर्गमायान्ति सन्तः सुकृतिनो यथा Ms.8.318.

(-लम्) 1 talc.

-2 the remainings of an offering made to a deity. ˚उपलः a crystal.

- मशक a. free from gnats.

-मांस a. fleshless; स्वल्प- स्नायुवसावशेषमलिनं निर्मांसमप्यस्थिकम् Bh.2.3.

-मान a.

1 without self-confidence.

-2 free from pride.

-मानुष a. uninhabited, desolate.

-मार्ग a. roadless, pathless.

-मिथ्य a. not false, true; H. Yoga.

-मुटः 1 a tree bearing large blossoms.

-2 the sun.

-3 a rogue. (

-टम्) a large free market or fair.

-मूल a.

1 rootless (as a tree).

-2 baseless, unfounded (statement, charge &c.).

-3 eradicated.

-मेघ a. cloudless.

-मेध a. without un- derstanding, stupid, foolish, dull.

-मोह a. free from illusion. (

-हः) an epithet of Śiva.

-यत्न a. inactive, lazy, dull.

-यन्त्रण a.

1 unrestrained, unobstructed, uncontrolled, unrestricted.

-2 unruly, self-willed, in- dependent.

(-णम्) 1 squeezing out.

-2 absence of restraint, independence.

-यशस्क a. without fame, dis- creditable, inglorious.

-युक्त a.

1 constructed, built.

-2 directed.

-3 (in music) limited to metre and mea- sure.

-युक्ति f.

1 disunion.

-2 absence of connection or government.

-3 unfitness, impropriety.

-युक्तिक a.

1 disjoined, unconnected.

-2 illogical, unmeaning.

-3 unfit, improper.

-यूथ a. separated from the herd, strayed from the flock (as an elephant).

-यूष = निर्यास.

-योगक्षेम a. free from care (about acquisition); Bg.2. 45.

-रक्त a. (

-नीरक्त) colourless, faded.

-रज, -रजस्क a.

(-नीरज, नीरजस्क) 1 free from dust.

-2 devoid of passion or darkness. (

-जः) an epithet of Śiva.

-रजस् (नरिजस्) a. see

नीरज. (-f.) a woman not men- struating. ˚तमसा absence of passion or darkness.

-रत (नीरत) a. not attached to, indifferent.

-रन्ध्र a.

(नीरन्ध्र) 1 without holes or interstices, very close or contiguous, thickly situated; नीरन्ध्रनीरनिचुलानि सरित्तटानि U.2.23.

-2 thick, dense.

-3 coarse, gross.

-रव a. (

-नीरव) not making any noise, noiseless; गतिविभ्रमसाद- नीरवा (रसना) R.8.58.

-रस a.

(नीरस) 1 tasteless, unsavoury, flavourless.

-2 (fig.) insipid, without any poetic charm; नीरसानां पद्मानाम् S. D.1.

-3 sapless, without juice, withered or dried up; Ś. Til.9.

-4 vain, use- less, fruitless; अलब्धफलनीरसान् मम विधाय तस्मिन् जने V.2.11.

-5 disagreeable.

-6 cruel, merciless. (

-सः) the pomegranate.

- रसन a. (

नीरसन) having no girdle (रसना); Ki.5.11.

-रुच् a. (

नीरुच्) without lustre, faded, dim; परिमलरुचिराभिर्न्यक्कृतास्तु प्रभाते युवतिभिरुप- भोगान्नीरुचः पुष्पमालाः Śi.11.27.

-रुज्, -रुज a. (नीरुज्, नीरुज) free from sickness, healthy, sound; नीरुजस्य किमौषधैः H.1.

-रूप a. (नीरूप) formless, shapeless.

(-पः) 1 air, wind.

-2 a god. (

-पम्) ether.

-रोग a. (नीरोग) free from sickness or disease, healthy, sound; यथा नेच्छति नीरोगः कदाचित् सुचिकित्सकम् Pt.1.118.

-लक्षण a.

1 having no auspicious marks, ill-featured.

-2 undisting- uished.

-3 unimportant, insignificant.

-4 unspotted.

-5 having a white back.

-लक्ष्य a. invisible.

-लज्ज a. shameless, impudent.

-लाञ्छनम् the marking of dome- stic animals (by perforating the nose &c.).

-लिङ्ग a. having no distinguishing or characteristic marks.

-लिप्त a.

1 unanointed.

-2 undefiled, unsullied.

-3 indifferent to.

(-प्तः) 1 N. of Kṛiṣṇa.

-2 a sage.

-लून a. cut through or off.

-लेप a.

1 unsmeared, unanointed; निर्लेपं काञ्चनं भाण्डमद्भिरेव विशुध्यति Ms.5.112.

-2 stainless, sinless. (

-पः) a sage.

-लोभ a. free from desire or avarice, unavaricious.

-लोमन् a. devoid of hair, hairless.

-वंश a. without posterity, childless.

- वचन a.

1 not speaking, silent.

-2 unobjectionable, blameless; (for other senses see the word separately).

-नम् ind. silently; माल्येन तां निर्वचनं जघान Ku.7.19.

-वण, -वन a.

1 being out of a wood.

-2 free from woods.

-3 bare, open.

-वत्सल a. not loving or fondling (esp. children); निर्वत्सले सुतशतस्य विपत्तिमेतां त्वं नानुचिन्तयसि Ve.5.3.

-वर = निर्दरम् q. v.

-वसु a. destitute of wealth, poor.

-वाच्य a.

1 not fit to be said.

-2 blameless, unobjectionable; सखीषु निर्वाच्य- मधार्ष्ट्यदूषितं प्रियाङ्गसंश्लेषमवाप मानिनी Ki.8.48.

-वात a. free or sheltered from wind, calm, still; हिमनिष्यन्दिनी प्रातर्निर्वातेव वनस्थली R.15.66. (

-तः) a place sheltered from or not exposed to wind; निर्वाते व्यजनम् H.2.124.

-वानर a. free from monkeys.

-वायस a. free from crows.

-वार्य a.

1 irresistible.

-2 acting fearlessly or boldly.

-विकल्प, -विकल्पक a.

1 not admitting an alternative.

-2 being without determination or resolu- tion.

-3 not capable of mutual relation.

-4 conditioned.

-5 undeliberative.

-6 recognizing no such distinction as that of subject and object, or of the knower and the known; as applied to समाधि or contemplation, it is 'an exclusive concentration upon the one entity without distinct and separate consciousness of the knower, the known, and the knowing, and without even self-consciousness'; निर्विकल्पकः ज्ञातृज्ञानादिविकल्पभेद- लयापेक्षः; नो चेत् चेतः प्रविश सहसा निर्विकल्पे समाधौ Bh.3.61; आत्मारामा विहितरतयो निर्विकल्पे समाधौ Ve.1.23.

-7 (in phil.) not arising from the relation of the qualifier and the qualified, (विशेषणविशेष्यसंबन्धानवगाहि प्रत्यक्षं ज्ञानम्) said of knowledge not derived from the senses, as घटत्व. (

-ल्पम्) ind. without hesitation or wavering.

-विकार a.

1 unchanged, unchangeable, immutable.

-2 not dispos- ed; तौ स्थास्यतस्ते नृपती निदेशे परस्परावग्रहनिर्विकारौ M.5.14.

-3 disinterested; तरुविटपलतानां बान्धवो निर्विकारः Ṛs.2.28. (

-रः) the Supreme deity.

-विकास a. unblown.

-विघ्न a. uninterrupted, unobstructed, free from impediments; निर्विघ्नं कुरु मे देव सर्वकार्येषु सर्वदा. (

-घ्नम्) absence of impedi- ment.

-विचार a. not reflecting, thoughtless, incon- siderate; रे रे स्वैरिणि निर्विचारकविते मास्मत्प्रकाशीभव Chandr. 1.2. (

-रम्) ind. thoughtlessly, unhesitatingly.

-वि- चिकित्स a. free from doubt or reflection.

-विचेष्ट a. motionless, insensible; यो हि दिष्टमुपासीनो निर्विचेष्टः सुखं शयेत् Mb.3.32.14.

-वितर्क a. unreflecting.

-विनोद a. without amusement, void of pastime, diversion or solace; शङ्के रात्रौ गुरुतरशुचं निर्विनोदां सखीं ते Me.9.

-विन्ध्या N. of a river in the Vindhya hills; निर्विन्ध्यायाः पथि भव रसाभ्यन्तरः सन्निपत्य Me.28.

-विमर्श a.

1 void of reflec- tion, thoughtless.

-2 not having विमर्श Sandhi.

-विवर a.

1 having no opening or cavity.

2 without interstices or interval, close, compact; घटते हि संहततया जनितामिदमेव निर्विवरतां दधतोः Śi.9.44.

-विवाद a.

1 not contending or disagreeing.

-2 undisputed, not contra- dicted or disputed, universally acknowledged.

-विवेक a. indiscreet, void of judgment, wanting in discrimination, foolish.

-विशङ्क a. fearless, undaunted, confident; Ms.7.176; यस्मिन्कृत्यं समावेश्य निर्विशङ्केन चेतसा । आस्यते सेवकः स स्यात् कलत्रमिव चापरम् ॥ Pt.1.85.

-विशेष a. showing or making no difference, indiscriminating, without dis- tinction; निर्विशेषा वयं त्वयि Mb.; निर्विशेषो विशेषः Bh.3.5. 'a difference without distinction'.

-2 having no difference, same, like, not differing from (oft. in comp.); निर्विशेषाकृति 'having the same form'; प्रवातनीलो- त्पलनिर्विशेषम् Ku.1.46; स निर्विशेषप्रतिपत्तिरासीत् R.14.22.

-3 indiscriminate, promiscuous. (

-षः) absence of difference. (निर्विशेषम् and निर्विशेषेण are used adverbially in the sense of 'without difference', 'equally', indiscrimi- nately'; क्रुद्धेन विप्रमुक्तो$यं निर्विशेषं प्रियाप्रिये Rām.7.22.41. स्वगृहनिर्विशेषमत्र स्थीयताम् H.1; R.5.6.).

-विशेषण a. without attributes.

-विष a. poisonless (as a snake); निर्विषा डुण्डुभाः स्मृताः.

-विषङ्ग a. not attached, indifferent.

-विषय a.

1 expelled or driven away from one's home, residence or proper place; मनोनिर्विषयार्थकामया Ku.5.38; R.9.32; also

-निर्विषयीकृत; वने प्राक्कलनं तीर्थं ये ते निर्विषयी- कृताः Rām.2.14.4.

-2 having no scope or sphere of action; किंच एवं काव्यं प्रविरलविषयं निर्विषयं वा स्यात् S. D.1.

-3 not attached to sensual objects (as mind).

-विषाण a. destitute of horns.

-विहार a. having no pleasure.

-वीज, -बीज a.

1 seedless.

-2 impotent.

-3 causeless.

-वीर a.

1 deprived of heroes; निर्वीरमुर्वीतलम् P. R.1.31.

-2 cowardly.

-वीरा a woman whose husband and children are dead.

-वीर्य a. powerless, feeble, unmanly, impotent; निर्वीर्यं गुरुशापभाषितवशात् किं मे तवेवायुधम् Ve.3.34.

-वीरुध, -वृक्ष a. treeless.

-वृत्ति f. accomplishment, achievement; अत आसां निर्वृत्त्या अपवर्गः स्यात् । आतण्डुलनिर्वृत्तेः आ च पिष्टनिर्वृत्तेरभ्यास इति ॥ ŚB. on MS.11.1.27. -a. having no occupation, destitute. See निर्वृति.

-वृष a. depriv- ed of bulls.

-वेग a. not moving, quiet, calm.

-वेतन a honorary, unsalaried.

-वेद a. not acknowledging the Vedas, an atheist, infidel.

-वेष्टनम् a. a weaver's shuttle.

-वैर a. free from enmity, amicable, peaceable. (

-रम्) absence of enmity.

-वैलक्ष्य a. shameless.

-व्यञ्जन a.

1 straight-forward.

-2 without condiment. (

-नम् ind.) plainly, in a straight-forward or honest manner.

-व्यथ, -न a.

1 free from pain.

-2 quiet, calm.

-व्यथनम् a hole; छिद्रं निर्व्यथनम् Ak.

-व्यपेक्ष a. indifferent to, regardless of; मृग्यश्च दर्भाङ्कुरनिर्व्यपेक्षास्तवागतिज्ञं समबोधयन् माम् R.13.25;14.39.

-व्यलीक a.

1 not hurting or offending.

-2 without pain.

-3 pleased, doing anything willingly.

-4 sincere, genuine, undissembling.

-व्यवधान a. (ground) uncovered, bare.

-व्यवश्थ a. moving hither and thither.

-व्यसन a. free from bad inclination.

-व्याकुल a. calm.

-व्याघ्र a. not haunted or infested by tigers.

-व्याज a.

1 candid, upright, honest, plain.

-2 without fraud, true, genuine.

-3 got by heroism or daring deeds (not by fraud or cowardly conduct); अशस्त्रपूतनिर्व्याजम् (महामांसम्) Māl.5.12. (v. l.)

-4 not hypocritical; धर्मस्य निर्व्याजता (विभूषणम्) Bh.2.82. (

-जम् ind.) plainly, honestly, candidly; निर्व्याजमालिङ्गितः Amaru.85.

-व्याजीकृत a. made plain, freed from deceit.

-व्यापार a.

1 without employment or business, free from occupation; तं दधन्मैथिलीकण्ठनिर्व्यापारेण बाहुना R.15.56.

-2 motionless; U.6.

-व्यावृत्ति a. not invol- ving any return (to worldly existence).

-व्रण a.

1 un- hurt, without wounds.

-2 without rents.

-व्रत a. not observing vows.

-व्रीड a. shameless, impudent.

-हिमम् cessation of winter.

-हेति a. weaponless.

-हेतु a. cause- less, having no cause or reason.

-ह्रीक a.

1 shameless, impudent.

-2 bold, daring.

perdu, e [pεʀdy]

past participle of  perdre adjective

   a. lost ; [balle, chien] stray

• perdu dans ses pensées ( = absorbé) lost in thought

• il est perdu [malade] there's no hope for him

• je suis perdu ! I'm done for!

• rien n'est perdu there's no harm done

• ce n'est pas perdu pour tout le monde somebody's made good use of it

   b. ( = gaspillé) [occasion, temps] wasted

• il y a trop de place perdue there's too much space wasted

• à ses moments perdus in his spare time

   c. ( = abîmé) [aliment] spoilt ; [récolte] ruined

   d. ( = écarté) [pays, endroit] out-of-the-way

   e. ( = non consigné) [emballage, verre] non-returnable

* * *

perdue pɛʀdy participe passé perdre

1) gén lost

2) [journée, occasion] wasted

3) [récolte] ruined; [aliment] spoiled

1) ( isolé) remote, isolated

2) ( non réutilisable) disposable; ( non consigné) non returnable

••

* * *

1. pp

perdre

2. adj

1) (enfant, cause, objet) lost

2) (= isolé) (village) out-of-the-way

3) COMMERCE (emballage) non-returnable

4) (récolte) ruined

5) (malade)

6)

7)

* * *

perdu, perdue

A pp ⇒ perdre.

B pp adj

1 [bracelet, enfant, liberté, illusion] lost; chien perdu stray dog; balle perdue stray bullet;

2 [match, élection] lost; tout n'est pas perdu all is not lost; tout est perdu it's all over; c'est perdu d'avance it's hopeless;

3 [journée, occasion] wasted; c'est un samedi de perdu that was a wasted Saturday; c'est du temps perdu it's a waste of time; à tes moments perdus in your spare ou free time;

4 ( condamné) il est perdu (face au danger, en cas de maladie) there's no hope for him; ( ruiné) he's ruined, he's had it○; les fraisiers sont perdus the strawberry plants have died ou have had it○;

5 ( embrouillé) [personne] lost;

6 ( endommagé) [récolte, vêtement] ruined; [aliment] spoiled;

7 ( vague) le regard perdu dans le vide staring into space.

C adj

1 ( isolé) [endroit, village] remote, isolated; vivre dans un coin perdu to live in a godforsaken spot; perdu au milieu de l'océan/des bois lost in the middle of the ocean/of the woods; maison perdue dans l'obscurité/la brume house shrouded in darkness/mist; salle perdue au bout d'un couloir room tucked away at the end of a corridor;

2 ( non réutilisable) disposable; ( non consigné) non returnable.

se lancer à corps perdu dans to throw oneself headlong into; ce n'est pas perdu pour tout le monde somebody will do all right out of it; crier/courir comme un perdu to shout/run like a madman.

( féminin perdue) [pɛrdy] participe passé

→ link=perdre perdre

————————

( féminin perdue) [pɛrdy] adjectif

1. [balle, coup] stray

[heure, moment] spare

2. [inutilisable - emballage] disposable ; [ - verre] non-returnable

3. [condamné] lost

4. [désespéré] lost

5. [gâché - vêtement, chapeau] ruined, spoiled ; [ - nourriture] spoiled

6. [de mauvaise vie]

7. [isolé - coin, village] lost, remote, godforsaken (humoristique)

————————

, perdue [pɛrdy] nom masculin, nom féminin

a. [courir] hell for leather

b. [crier] like a mad thing

¹ = excitement, impression, perception, shock, illusion.

Nota: Falso amigo.

Ex. If done effectively, displays can add interest and even excitement to the process of information discovery.

Ex. This planning phase involves moving from a vague impression that a thesaurus might be useful to a fairly precise profile for the thesaurus.

Ex. Nevertheless, citation indexes do seek to link documents according to their content (or at least the perception of their content held by the author of the source work).

Ex. The shock of Sputnik precipitated a near-frantic concern about our technological complacency, sending the country into a crash program of science education and space exploration in order to regain a lost prestige.

Ex. A motion picture is a length of film, with or without recorded sound, bearing a sequence of images that create the illusion of movement when projected in rapid succession.

----

* causar buena impresión = impress, come across.

* causar impresión = make + impression.

* causar una buena primera impresión = make + a good first impression.

* causar una impresión = leave + an impression, make + an impression.

* causar una primera impresión = make + a first impression.

* crear una buena impresión en = make + a good impression on.

* dar la impresión = convey + impression, strike + Pronombre Personal, give + the impression that, confer + impression, come off as.

* dar la impresión de = contrive, conjure up + a picture of, come across as.

* dar la impresión de seriedad en el trabajo = appear + businesslike.

* dar mala impresión = look + bad.

* dar una falsa impresión = keep up + facade, put on + an act.

* dar una impresión = make + an impression, leave + an impression, present + an image.

* dar una impresión de = give + an impression of.

* dar una impresión equivocada = send + the wrong signals.

* dejar una impresión = leave with + the impression, leave + an impression, leave + an imprint, make + an impression.

* impresión duradera = lasting impression.

* impresión imborrable = indelible impression.

* no dar una impresión clara = send + mixed signals.

* obtener una impresión = gain + picture.

* primera impresión = first impression.

* sacar una impresión = gain + picture.

* tener la impresión = have + the impression, get + the impression.

* tener la impresión de que = get + the feeling that.

['saɪbəspeɪs] noun, no pl., no art. Cyberspace, der

* * *

n Cyberspace m

* * *

cyberspace [ˈsaıbə(r)speıs] s Cyberspace n (von Computern erzeugte Scheinwelt, die eine fast perfekte Illusion räumlicher Tiefe und realitätsnaher Bewegungsabläufe vermittelt)

* * *

['saɪbəspeɪs] noun, no pl., no art. Cyberspace, der

* * *

Cyberspace m.

cyberspace m.

  Пиноккио

   1940 – США (88 мин)

     Произв. Walt Disney, прокат RKO

     Реж. УОЛТ ДИСНЕЙ, Бен Шарпстин, Хэмилтон Ласк, Билл Робертc, Норман Фергюсон, Джек Кинни, Уилфред Джексон, Т. Хи, Фред Мур, Фрэнклин Томас, Милтон Кал, Владимир Тытла, Уорд Кимболл, Артур Бэббитт, Эрик Ларсон, Були Рейтермен

     Сцен. Тэд Сирз, Отто Энгландер, Уэлл Смит, Уильям Коттрелл, Джозеф Сабо, Эрдман Пеннер, Аурелиус Батталья по одноименному роману Карло Коллоди

     Опер. Technicolor

     Муз. и слова Ли Харлайн, Нед Уошингтон, Пол Дж. Смит

     Роли озвучивали Дики Джоунз (Пиноккио), Кристиан Раб (Джеппетто), Клифф Эдвардз (Сверчок Джимини), Ивлин Венэйбл (Голубая Фея), Уолтер Кэтлетт (Лис), Фрэнки Дарро (Фитиль), Чарлз Джуделз (Стромболи и кучер).

   Сверчок Джимини рассказывает историю Пиноккио, деревянной куклы, ставшей живым мальчиком. Однажды ночью Джимини находит приют в доме столяра-часовщика Джеппетто, который целыми днями мастерит деревянные стенные часы и музыкальные шкатулки. Среди груды сделанных им вещей лежит и марионетка. На глазах у кота Фигаро и рыбки Клео, живущей в банке, Джеппетто доделывает куклу и нарекает ее Пиноккио. Затем он заставляет ее танцевать, дергая за ниточки. Прежде чем лечь спать, Джеппетто загадывает желание, чтобы в один прекрасный день Пиноккио превратился в настоящего мальчика. Затем он засыпает, а Джимини, не в силах уснуть из-за назойливого тиканья бесчисленных часов в мастерской Джеппетто, видит, как с неба спускается Голубая Фея. Она выполняет 1-ю часть пожелания столяра: превращает Пиноккио в живую куклу, наделенную свободной волей, умеющую говорить и перемещаться без помощи ниточек. Фея обещает Пиноккио, что если тот будет отважным, честным и заботливым, однажды станет настоящим мальчиком. Джимини она торжественно назначает совестью Пиноккио – обряд похож на посвящение в рыцари.

   После исчезновения Феи Джимини, одежда которого чудесным образом стала новехонькой, пытается объяснить Пиноккио, что такое соблазны, добро, зло и т. д. Джеппетто слышит, как говорит Пиноккио, но думает, что это ему снится. Но нет: его кукла действительно ожила. Он танцует с Пиноккио. Неожиданно у Пиноккио загорается палец. Чтобы его затушить, Пиноккио сует руку в банку с Клео, чем выводит рыбку из себя. Наутро Пиноккио, взяв с собой яблоко для учителя и книгу, отправляется в школу. По дороге он встречает лиса Честного Джона и его соучастника кота Гедеона. Едва увидев это чудо – говорящую и ходящую куклу, – лис тут же замышляет заработать, продав ее Стромболи, хозяину бродячего театра, как раз выступающего в их городе. Лису не стоит никаких трудов убедить Пиноккио, что мальчик – прирожденный актер. Несмотря на увещевания Джимини, Пиноккио идет за лисом до самого театра. На сцене он выступает вместе с другими танцующими марионетками и пользуется таким бурным успехом, что даже сам Джимини смущен.

   Ночью Джеппетто, очень беспокоясь за Пиноккио, отправляется на его розыски. Пиноккио делится со Стромболи своим желанием вернуться к отцу. Стромболи совсем не хочет упускать золотую жилу и запирает Пиноккио в клетке. Джимини забирается в фургончик Стромболи, который в грозу пускается в путь. Несмотря на все усилия, он не может открыть замок на двери клетки. Пиноккио плачет горючими слезами. Появляется Голубая Фея. Пиноккио пересказывает ей свои злоключения и при этом бессовестно врет: от этого нос Пиноккио вытягивается, обрастая листьями, цветками и даже птичьим гнездом. Он раскаивается, и Фея открывает клетку. Пиноккио и Джимини выпрыгивают из фургона без промедления.

   Лис, вечно ищущий выгодное дельце, заключает союз с кучером, который собирает отовсюду глупых мальчишек и отвозит их на Остров Наслаждений. Лис встречает Пиноккио, осматривает его, как врач пациента, констатирует у него сильную слабость и рекомендует отдых на Острове. Так Пиноккио попадает в компанию кучера и хулигана по имени Фитиль. Джимини тоже устраивается, насколько это возможно, под повозкой, до отказа набитой детьми. Дети садятся на корабль, а затем высаживаются на Острове. Им раздают сладости и сигары, предоставляют в их полное распоряжение целый дом, где можно все ломать, и все с восторгом открывают этот мнимый рай без школы и домашних заданий. Пытаясь подражать Фитилю. Пиноккио закуривает сигару (отчего чувствует себя дурно и весь зеленеет) и играет на бильярде. Он знакомит хулигана с Джимини и говорит, что Фитиль – его лучший друг. Глубоко обиженный («А кто же тогда я?»), Джимини готовится покинуть Остров Наслаждений, но видит, что ночью дети превращаются в ослов, которых сгоняют на корабль и отправляют на разные работы (на соляную шахту, в цирк и т. д.). Он бежит, чтобы предупредить Пиноккио, а тот видит, как Фитиль неожиданно превращается в животное: у него вырастают ослиные уши, хвост и копыта. Пиноккио, у которого тоже выросли уши и хвост, в ужасе скрывается бегством вместе с Джимини. Они бросаются в море с высокого утеса и плывут к континенту.

   Они приходят в дом Джеппетто. Дом пуст. Фея отправляет им записку: «Джеппетто ушел искать Пиноккио и был проглочен китом». Недолго думая, Пиноккио привязывает к своему хвосту огромный камень и кидается в море вместе с Джимини. В морской глубине, населенной самыми разными созданиями, он зовет отца. Когда он говорит, что ищет кита Монстро, все вокруг разбегаются. Кит спит на дне морском. В его животе томятся Джеппетто, Фигаро и Клео. Только после того, как кит откроет рот и заглотит огромное количество рыбы, Джеппетто наконец сможет удить. Среди рыб он видит Пиноккио. Джеппетто уверен, что выбраться из чрева кита невозможно. Пиноккио приходит в голову развести костер, чтобы кит чихнул: таким образом, им удается сбежать на плоту, который смастерил Джеппетто. Вес это время Джимини безуспешно пытался проникнуть внутрь кита.

   Кит долго с пугающим упрямством преследует беглецов. Их выбрасывает волной на берег. Пиноккио помогает Джеппетто выйти на твердую землю и падает без чувств: Джеппетто относит его домой и сокрушается по поводу его состояния. Но тут появляется Голубая Фея и в награду за то, что Пиноккио наконец проявил отвагу, честность и заботу о других, превращает его в настоящего мальчика. Вне себя от радости, Джеппетто заводит все свои музыкальные шкатулки и танцует. Фея благодарит и Джимини, вручая ему великолепную золотую медаль (18 карат) с надписью: «Официальная совесть».

   ►  После триумфального успеха Белоснежки, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Дисней и его сотрудники начинают работу над проектом, еще более амбициозным в художественном, техническом и финансовом отношении. Выбор материала-первоисточника особенно оригинален: он приносит всемирную популярность книге, которую в Италии почитают наравне с Библией, но за пределами этой страны знают лишь горстка специалистов да несколько детей. Сценарий обладает теми же характерными чертами, что и сценарий Белоснежки, на этот раз применяемыми к совершенно иному материалу: предельная конденсация действия на основе точного подбора эпизодов; постепенное ускорение ритма; большое внимание к начальным сценам, позволяющим как следует познакомиться с главными героями и почувствовать к ним симпатию. Книга Коллоди прочитана и воссоздана Диснеем как огромный приключенческий роман о познании мира, окрашенный в совершенно фантастические цвета. Фантастика присутствует не только в самой сюжетной основе (марионетка оживает, чтобы впоследствии превратиться в человека из плоти и крови), но и в отдельных сценах: напр., в превосходной сцене превращения Фитиля в осла (вариация, да еще какая эффективная, на тему Джекилла и Хайда) или в эпизоде в брюхе у кита. Дисней заходит еще дальше, чем в Белоснежке, и следит за тем, чтобы драматургическое напряжение, страх, а иногда и ужас брали верх над добротой и юмором, которые тем не менее присутствуют в образе Сверчка Джимини, такого человечного в роли «официальной совести» (обратите внимание на его реакцию, когда Пиноккио знакомит его с Фитилем); недаром его роль была значительно расширена по сравнению с книгой Коллоди. Доброта и юмор также присутствуют в очаровательных персонажах Фигаро и Клео, придуманных в дополнение к героям книги.

   Понятие приключения доминирует во всем фильме: с одной стороны, потому что во время этого познавательного путешествия происходит огромное количество событий, но, с другой стороны, и потому, что на каждом этапе странствия экран заполоняет изобилие драматургических и пластических деталей, идей, персонажей (настенные часы и музыкальные шкатулки в мастерской Джеппетто, партнеры Пиноккио в спектакле Стромболи или столь непохожие друг на друга создания, обитающие в морской глубине); это изобилие не иссякает, даже если рассматривать фильм с разных точек зрения. Фильму чересчур поспешили приписать морализаторство. Дисней в гораздо большей степени смотрит на Пиноккио с точки зрения рассказчика и даже философа, нежели моралиста. Он описывает Пиноккио как невинное создание, ничего не знающее (а как может быть иначе?) и открывающее для себя все ловушки и чудеса этого мира, зачастую – на собственной шкуре. В этом Пиноккио, оставаясь марионеткой, является настоящим ребенком, для которого путь к познанию реальности усеян препонами. Разве не естественно, что он оступается? Но каждый раз, когда он поднимается на ноги, не имея рядом ни родных, ни советчиков, он делает это благодаря собственным силам, а не нравственному кредо, навязанному извне. Неизменно сопровождающий его Сверчок Джимини остается симпатичным, но бессильным спутником: ведь он не имеет почти никакого реального влияния на судьбу Пиноккио. Какие бы решения ― плохие или хорошие – ни принимал Пиноккио, он всегда принимает их сам. (Кстати, в сценарии присутствуют лишь 2 судьбоносных вмешательства феи: она открывает клетку в фургоне Стромболи и отправляет записку о судьбе Джеппетто.)

   Съемки фильма сами по себе превратились в приключение. После 5 месяцев работы Дисней и его команда отбросили весь готовый материал и начали фильм с нуля на новых основаниях: теперь Пиноккио внешне напоминает мальчика с самого начала фильма; Сверчок Джимини получает роль рассказчика и почти постоянное присутствует на экране. На финансовом и техническом уровне Дисней не отступает даже перед самыми безумными идеями. 30-сек выразительная панорама утреннего города, по которому Пиноккио идет в школу, обошлась в немаленький пустячок: 25 000 долларов. Новая «мультиплановая» камера могла охватывать вдвое большее пространство, чем та, что использовалась в Белоснежке, и позволяла также одновременно снимать большее количество рисунков, расположенных на разных уровнях. Некоторые сцены – напр., та, где Пиноккио заперт в клетке, качающейся во все стороны в фургоне Стромболи, – стали самыми подвижными (то есть наиболее насыщенными движением) во всем творчестве Диснея.

   Фильм снискал коммерческий успех только в повторном прокате. В 1940 г. Пиноккио прошел с гораздо меньшим успехом, чем Белоснежка, к тому же из-за войны он лишь с большим опозданием был вывезен в Европу. Начиная с 1947 г. он обретает всемирную славу и становится одной из самых крупных удач Диснея.

   N.B. Фигаро вновь появляется в серии короткометражных лент, где он уже главный герой, а Сверчок Джимини – в одной полнометражной картине (Веселы без забот, Fun and Fancy Free, 1947), нескольких короткометражках и телесериале. Хулигана Фитиля озвучивает Фрэнки Дарро: этот характер похож на персонажей из плоти и крови, которых он переиграл немало в вестернах и криминальных фильмах. Другие фильмы, где появляется Пиноккио: Пиноккио Джулио Антаморо (Италия, 1911) со знаменитым комиком Фердинандом Гийомом (он же Тонтолини, он же Полидор); Приключения Пиноккио Рауля Вердини, Le awenture di Pinocchio, Италия, 1936. Это 1-й итальянский полнометражный анимационный фильм в цвете, так и оставшийся незавершенным. Годом ранее ему предшествовал короткометражный фильм под тем же названием, поставленный Ромоло Баккини и нарисованный Вердини, Барбарой, Аттало, Рамалли, в черно-белой гамме и в цвете; Приключения Пиноккио, Le Avventure di Pinocchio, телесериал и фильм Луиджи Коменчини. Добавим 4 американских картины: 1) Пиноккио в космосе, Pinocchio in Outer Space, анимационная лента Рэя Гусенса, 1964. Критический отзыв в «Variety» полагает, что научно-фантастические сцены удались намного больше, чем те, в которых действуют Пиноккио и Джеппетто. 2) Эротический Пиноккио с живыми актерами, поставленный Кори Алленом в 1971 г. В роли Джеппетто тут выступает юная девственница, мастерящая для себя жеребца. 3) Телеверсия Пиноккио Рона Филда и Сидни Смита, 1976, с Дэнни Кеем в 3 ролях (Джеппетто, директор театра и Коллоди) и Сэнди Данканом в роли Пиноккио. Вымученный и весьма посредственный мюзикл. 4) Пиноккио и Император ночи, Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night, анимационный фильм Хэла Сазерленда, 1987, пытающийся выдать себя за продолжение диснеевского фильма.

   БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ: среди бесчисленных альбомов, посвященных Пиноккио, рекомендуем выпущенный издательством «Penguin Books» в 1982 г.; он составлен из сотни фоторепродукций крупного формата, взятых из фильма. О фильмах Диснея в целом см.: Leonard Maltin, The Disney Films, Bonanza Books, New York, 1973. О технических особенностях их постановки см.: Disney Animation. The Illusion of Life, Abbeville Press, New York, 1981. Этот труд, содержащий множество документальных свидетельств, написан 2 столпами команды Диснея – Фрэнком Томасом (Frank Thomas) и Олли Джонстоном (Оllie Johnston).

   1) The Book of Nature Is Written in the Language of Mathematics

   Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)

   2) Arranging Speech so as to Reply Appropriately

   It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)

   3) No Other Animal Has the Language Capacity of the Human

   It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)

   4) Human Beings Do Not Live Only in the World of Objects

   Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)

   5) Language Powerfully Conditions All Our Thinking

   It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)

   6) A List of Language Games

   [A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]

   Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling it

   Solving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into another

   LANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)

   7) Language Constrains Certain Modes of Interpretation

   We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)

   8) We Dissect Nature in Accordance with Our Native Languages

   We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.

   The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)

   9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own Language

   The forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)

    10) The Analysis of Certain Types of Utterances

   It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)

    11) The Dictionary of a Language Is a System of Concepts

   In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)

    12) Talk about the Evolution of the Language Capacity is Beside the Point

   In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)

    13) The Development of Language

   [It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)

    14) Sentential and Conceptual Levels in Language

   he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.

   The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)

    15) Linguistic Realities Have Not Yet Been Captured by Theoretical Models

   The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.

   But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)

    16) The Final Steps to Human Language

   The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)

    17) The Inadequacy of Formal Linguistic Models for Ordinary Language Usage

    t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)

    18) When a Language Is an Abstract Machine

   A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)

    19) Metaphor and Metonymy Underpin the Formation of Linguistic Signs

   Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)

    20) Language and the Analysis of Nature

   It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)

    21) Correspondence Rules for Mapping Old Theory into Subsets of New Theory

   First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....

   Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)

    22) The Inclusion of Non- linguistic Factors in a Theory of Grammar

   If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)

    23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human Interaction

   Language cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)

    24) The Genetic Blueprints of Language

   By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)

    25) Languages Are Machines

   Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)

"1. eye. 2. sight, vision. 3. eye, manner or way of looking at a thing; estimation; opinion. 4. fountainhead, source (of a stream or river); spring. 5. eye (of a needle). 6. division, section, compartment; pigeonhole; cubbyhole. 7. drawer (in a piece of furniture). 8. pan (of a balance). 9. evil eye. 10. bad luck inflicted by an evil eye. 11. esteem, favor, friendly regard. 12. rudimentary bud. 13. eye (on a potato). 14. eye, the depression at the calyx end of some fruits. 15. section, division, square (on a game board). 16. central core (of a boil). 17. eye (in cheese); hole (in bread). 18. desire, interest. -ünde /ın/ in the eyes of. -ü aç greedy, avaricious, insatiable. - açamamak to have no rest or respite. -ü açık clever, sharp, wide-awake, shrewd. -ü açık gitmek to die without having fulfilled one´s desire. -ü açılmak to become shrewd. - açıp kapayıncaya kadar/- açıp kapamadan in the twinkling of an eye, in an instant. -lerini açmak to wake up. -ünü açmak 1. to keep one´s eyes open, watch out, be wary, be on guard. 2. /ın/ to enlighten (someone), open (someone´s) eyes. 3. to be enlightened. 4. /ın/ to take (a virgin) to bed. 5. /da/ to have intercourse for the first time (with). - açtırmamak /a/ to give no respite to, give (someone) no chance to do anything else. -ünü ağartmak to open one´s eyes wide (in astonishment or anger). - ağrısı 1. eyestrain. 2. one´s old or first love or sweetheart. - ahbaplığı/aşinalığı knowing someone by sight. -ü akmak to be blinded (by accident). -e ak düşmek to get a cataract in one´s eye. - alabildiğine as far as the eye can see. - aldanımı/aldanması optical illusion. - alıcı eye-catching. - almak to dazzle. -e almak /ı/ to risk, accept the risk of, take or run the chance of. - ardı etmek /ı/ to undervalue, pay insufficient attention to. -ü arkada kalmak to leave with something left undone or with a desire left unsatisfied. - aşinalığı slight acquaintanceship. - atmak /a/ to take a glance at, run an eye over. -ün/-ünüz aydın! I´m happy for you!/Congratulations! (said to one whose long-awaited wish has come true). - aydına gitmek /a/ to visit (someone) to congratulate him/her. -ünü ayırmamak /dan/ not to take one´s eyes off of. - aynası ophthalmoscope. -lerini bağışlamak to donate one´s eyes on death. -ünü bağlamak /ın/ 1. to blindfold. 2. to hoodwink. -ü bağlı 1. blindfolded. 2. blindly, blindfoldedly. 3. bewitched. (...) -üyle bakmak /a/ to look at (someone, something) from the point of view of. - bankası eye bank. - banyosu 1. eyewash. 2. colloq. girl-watching. -e batmak 1. to stick out, hit one in the eye. 2. to attract attention. -leri bayılmak for one´s eyes to have a sleepy or desirous look. -lerini belertmek to open one´s eyes wide (in astonishment or anger). - boncuğu blue bead (worn to avert the evil eye). - boyamak to mislead, delude, deceive, hoodwink, pull the wool over someone´s eyes. -leri buğulanmak/bulutlanmak for one´s eyes to fill with tears. -ü bulanmak for one´s eyes to become clouded over. -ü büyükte olmak to be full of ambition. -leri büyümek to open one´s eyes wide (in surprise, with terror). -ünde büyümek /ın/ to assume great proportions to (someone). -ünde büyütmek /ı/ to blow up (something, someone) out of proportion. -leri çakmak çakmak olmak for one´s eyes to be bloodshot. -ünün çapağını silmeden the first thing on awakening, before wiping the sleep from one´s eyes. -e çarpmak to strike or catch one´s eyes; to be conspicuous. -leri çekik having slanting eyes, slant-eyed. -den çıkarmak /ı/ to be prepared to pay; to be willing to give up or sacrifice (something). -ünü çıkarmak /ın/ to do the worst possible job of (something), ruin, spoil. -üm çıksın/kör olsun Strike me blind if.... - çukuru anat. orbit, eye socket. -leri çukura gitmek/kaçmak to become hollow-eyed. -ünü daldan budaktan/çöpten esirgememek/sakınmamak to disregard dangers. -ü dalmak to gaze vacantly, stare into space. - damlası med. ey